Anxiety
Anxiety ​refers to anticipation of a future concern. Mild levels of anxiety can be beneficial in some situations. It can alert us to dangers and help us prepare and pay attention.
​
Common anxiety signs and symptoms include:
-
Feeling nervous, restless or tense
-
Having a sense of impending danger, panic or doom
-
Having an increased heart rate
-
Breathing rapidly (hyperventilation)
-
Sweating
-
Trembling
-
Feeling weak or tired
-
Trouble concentrating
-
Trouble thinking about anything other than the present worry
-
Having trouble sleeping
-
Experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) problems
-
Having difficulty controlling worry
-
Having the urge to avoid things that trigger anxiety
Anxiety disorders differ from normal feelings of nervousness or anxiousness and involve excessive fear or anxiety.
-
Anxiety disorders are the most common of mental disorders.
-
They affect nearly 30% of adults at some point in their lives.
-
Anxiety disorders are treatable with a number of psychotherapeutic treatments.
​
Anxiety disorders can cause people to try to avoid situations that trigger or worsen their symptoms. Job performance, schoolwork and personal relationships can be affected. ​ In general, for a person to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, the fear or anxiety must:
-
Be out of proportion to the situation or be age-inappropriate
-
Hinder their ability to function normally
There are several types of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, specific phobias, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism.
​
From Psychiatry.org and Mayo Clinic
For more information on the different types of anxiety disorders, follow the above links
Anxiety and Autism
Anxiety is a common experience for autistic individuals. The prevalence of anxiety in autism varies, and estimates are likely much lower than what is experienced in the population.
Statistical estimates suggest the current pooled prevalence of anxiety (all subcategories pooled) is 20%, with the most common anxiety disorders being:
-
Specific Phobias, lifetime prevalence of 31% [1,2]
-
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, life-time prevalence of 26% [1,2]
-
Panic and agoraphobia, lifetime prevalence of 15% and 18% respectively [2]
-
Separation anxiety, lifetime prevalence of 3% [3]
Autism and anxiety symptoms frequently overlap, although individuals with autism might present with autism-specific anxiety symptoms, including specific phobias (e.g., vacuum cleaners, toilets) and anxious about change/novelty [4,5]
​References
​
-
Lai M-C, Kassee C, Besney R, et al. (2019). Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6, 819-829. https://doi. org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30289-5
-
Hollocks MJ, Lerh JW, Magiati I, et al. (2019). Psychological medicine anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 49, 559-572. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718002283
-
Joshi G, Wozniak J, Petty C, et al. (2013). Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in a clinically referred population of adults with autism spectrum disorders: a comparative study. J journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 1314- 1325. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10803-012- 1679-5/METRICS
-
Kerns CM, Kendall PC, Berry L, et al. (2014). Traditional and atypical presentations of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 2851-2861. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10803-014-2141- 7
-
Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, Aggarwal R, et al. (2013). Unusual fears in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. RASD.2012.08.002
​
​